CHISHTISM
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"SUFI
BASANT AT CHISHTY DARGAH" |
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North India wakes up from the chilly winter. Its spring here
again. The yellow of mustard flowers covers miles on end. It is now that
the joyful celebration of Basant will be celebrated. There will be
singing and dancing. But few of us know that Basant is traditionally
celebrated not only by the Hindus, but also by many Muslims in India. It
is believed that the Chishti Sufis may have begun the celebration of
Basant amongst Indian Muslims in as early as 12th century.
The legend goes that Delhi's Chishti Saint Nizamuddin Aulia once so
grieved because of the passing away of his young nephew Taqiuddin Nooh,
that he withdrew himself completely from the world for a couple of
months, either locked inside his room or sitting near his nephew's
grave. His close friend, disciple and famous court poet, Amir Khusrau,
could not bear with his pir's absence any longer, and started thinking
of ways to brighten him up. |
One day Khusrau met a few women on the road who were
dressed up beautifully, singing and carrying colorful flowers. He asked them
what they were up to, and the women told him it is Basant Panchmi today. They
were taking the offering of Basant to their god. Khusrau found this very
fascinating, and smiling he said, "Well, my god needs an offering of Basant
too". Soon, he dressed himself up like those women, took some mustard flowers
and singing the same songs, started walking towards the graveyard where his pir
would be sitting alone.
Nizamuddin Aulia noticed some women coming towards him -
he could not recognize Khusrau.
On close inspection, he realized what was going on, and
smiled. They had all been waiting for him to smile for two months. Amir Khusrau,
other Sufis and disciples started singing Persian couplets in praise of spring,
and symbolically the mustard flowers were offered to the grave of Nooh.
- Following are some of the Persian lines that they may have sung:
Ashk rez aamad ast
abr-e-bahaar
Saaqia gul barez-o-baada beyaar
Or, Arab yaar tori Basant manayi
Or Hindi couplets like:
Sakal bun phool rahi sarson
Ambva borey, tesu phooley,
koyal boley daar daar, Aur gori karat singhar,
malania garhwa le aayin karson
Sakal bun phool rahi sarson
- The impact of this incident was such that the celebration of
Basant became an annual affair in the Khaneqah (monastery) of Nizamuddin
Aulia, and subsequently in other centers of Chishti order all over the
country. The local Muslims affiliated to all those Dargahs and Khaneqahs
automatically took to the tradition of celebrating Basant. In the Mughal
era, this tradition had probably evolved into a major public festival.
Maheshwar Dayal in his book Alam Mein Intekhab: Dilli (1987), describes
one such Basant in Delhi at the time of Bahadurshah Zafar, in following
words:
"...the chill was on the decline. The spring had arrived. Dilli wallahs
were setting up the fairs for Spring, as usual. Many were offering
flowers and ittar on the Qadm Sharif (a sacred space in Jama Masjid).
When people heard the announcement of Bahadur Shah Zafar's birthday,
they gushed forth with joy. It was Thursday. There was such a crowd that
not a hair's breadth of space was empty on either the Red Fort maidan or
the shore of Jamuna. The curtains of houses, the Chadurs of women, the
turbans of men, and the clothes of children, everything was dyed Basanti
- even the candles hanging from the rampart were Basanti. It was as if
mustard was growing in every nook and corner. Indoors and outdoors,
people danced the whole night. Thousands of giant balloons made of
mustard colored paper, with candles lit inside, were being flown in the
air. By four o'clock in the morning, the whole sky became Basanti. It
seemed as if mustard was flowering in the eyes of the sky."
Compared to the glitter of Basant in the past, what we find today in
the Dargah of Nizamuddin at Delhi seems more ritualistic, nevertheless
festive. On Basant Panchmi, some qawwals from Dargah visit a nearby
Haryana village to collect mustard flowers. On the way back, they offer
these first on the tombs of many saints related to Nizamuddin Aulia's
order, including Naseeruddin Chiraghe-Dehli and others near Mehrauli.
Back in Basti Nizamuddin, some interesting rituals take place -- dyeing
of the clothes in the Basanti colour being the most exciting one. One
can see hundreds of people wearing Basanti scarves, handkerchiefs,
chadurs and caps, almost dancing to the tune of Basanti qawwalis. They
take out a procession, offering flowers and fateha on every little grave
present here. The beautiful Hindi and Persian qawwalis sung here -
mostly ascribed to Amir Khusrau himself - praise the coming of spring
and the disciple's longing to meet his pir.
Sufis have a long tradition of adapting to the local culture and
language of the places they visited to spread their message. The Chishti
sufis too, have not only tried to relate to the Indian culture and
music, they even experimented and enriched the various cultural forms.
Basant is a living example of that. In today's scenario, while
communities are being forced to be polarized into their puritanical
identities, Muslims celebrating Basant or Hindus taking part in Eid may
sound like a dream. In the past, it was these Dargahs and Khaneqahs,
which served as platforms where the twine could meet. Don't we need the
spirit of the dargahs today?
- (Dhamal could be a song or a
musical genre that aroused ecstasy amongst the sufis.
It was usually performed at special occasions such as Basant.)
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Hajrat khaja sung khailiye dhamal,
Hajrat khaja sung.......
Baais khaja mil bun bun aaye,
Taamay hajrat Rasool saheb-e jamaal
Hajrat khaja sung khailiye.......
Arab yaar tori basant manaayo,
Sadaa rakhiyo laal gulaal.....
Hajrat khaja sung khailiye dhamal. |
Translation:
Let us play Dhamal with Hazrat Khwaja,
All dresses up, the twenty two saints have come,
So let us play Dhamal;
Give respect to our exalted Hazrat Rasool.
We celebrate spring for you, Oh Arab friend.
(This Arab friend is not meant for the Prophet)
Keep the colourful spirit alive for ever.
Let us play Dhamal with Hazrat Khwaja. |
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Sakal bun (or Saghan bhun) phool rahi
sarson,
Sakal bun phool rahi.....
Umbva phutay, tesu phulay, koyal bolay daar daar,
Aur gori karat singaar,
Malaniyan gadhwa lay aayin karson,
Sakal bun phool rahi.....
Tarah tarah kay phool lagaaye,
Lay gadhwa haathan mein aaye.
Nijamudin kay darwazay par,
Aawan keh gaye aashaq rung,
Aur beet gaye barson.
Sakal bun phool rahi sarson. |
Translation:
The yellow
mustard is blooming in every field,
Mango buds are clicking open, other flowers too;
The koyal chirps from branch to branch,
And the maiden tries her make-up,
The gardener-girls have brought bouquets.
Colourful flowers of all kinds,
In hands everyone’s bringing;
But Aashiq-rung (the lover), who had promised to come
To Nizamuddin’s house in spring,
Hasn’t turned up - its been years.
The yellow mustard is blooming in every field.
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Mora jobana navelara, bhayo hai gulaal,
Kaisi dhar dini bikas mori maal.
Mora jobana navelara.......
Nijamudin aulia ko koyi samajhaaye,
Jyon jyon manaon, wo to rootha hi jaaye.
Mora jobana navelara......
Chudiyan phod palang pe daaron,
Is cholee ko doon main aag lagaai.
Sooni saij darawan laagay, virah agni mohay dus dus jaaye
Mora jobana navelara....... |
Translation:
My youth is budding, is full of passion;
How can I spend this time without my beloved?
Would someone please coax Nizamuddin Aulia,
The more I appease him, the more annoyed he gets;
My youth is budding……
Want to break these bangles against the cot,
And throw up my blouse into fire,
The empty bed scares me,
The fire of separation keeps burning me.
Oh, beloved. My youth is budding. |
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